Bridging these two unassailable American epics are numerous on-screen versions of other Cooper novels featuring his recurring frontier hero Natty Bumppo, whose nom de guerre always seemed to change from tale to tale. The frontier fiction of James Fenimore Cooper-and specifically his so-called "Leatherstocking Tales"-has spawned a number of action-heavy film adaptations spanning Maurice Tourneur and Clarence Brown's 1920 The Last of the Mohicans to Michael Mann's celebrated, if more plangent take on the same material in 1992. Pathfinder shoots Bradford and rescues Welcome, however, and after Brasseau surrenders to the British, the two lovers share a passionate kiss. As the troops engage in battle, Bradford tries to take control of a ship loaded with women and children. The two are about to be executed when the British launch a surprise attack on the fort. Bradford sees them, however, and although Chingachgook escapes with the plans, Pathfinder and Welcome are arrested as spies. Welcome later tells Lokawa about Bradford's plans, but Bradford appears and slaps his wife, calling her a "red pig." Pathfinder and Chingachgook set off explosions at the Mingo camp, and while Brasseau is away from his quarters, they sneak in and steal the French territorial defense plans. When Welcome repulses his advances, he angrily threatens to reveal her identity. Bradford visits Welcome during the night and offers to accompany her back to London with the gold the French will give him for negotiating the alliance. Clint Bradford, a renegade British officer who earlier had abandoned Welcome for Lokawa, the daughter of a Tuscarora chief, arrives at San Vincent to negotiate an alliance between the Tuscarora and the French. He and Chingachgook then blow up the road to San Vincent, making it impossible for the supply train to deliver its goods to the fort. The next day, Pathfinder makes the French believe that the Delawares are about to attack San Vincent, and in the resulting confusion, he steals two kegs of gunpowder. When she reports this information to Pathfinder late that night, both finally admit their feelings for each other and embrace. During a soirée held in her honor, Welcome charms a French officer and learns enough about the route of the expected supply train to enable Pathfinder to intercept it. He fights bravely and wins, but Arrowhead still distrusts him. Later that day, Pathfinder challenges Arrowhead to a fight in order to win the respect of the Mingo tribe. Welcome is introduced as Paulette, the sole survivor of a Delaware Indian attack. Brasseau, who for some time has tried to persuade the renowned Pathfinder to serve as a scout for the French, welcomes Pathfinder amiably, even though Arrowhead, the Mingo chief, still considers him a Mohican enemy. The two take an immediate dislike to each other and bicker all the way to the French fort at San Vincent, a key post through which all of the supplies to the surrounding French forts are carried. The colonel tells Pathfinder to pose as a scout for the French and assigns Welcome Alison, an attractive young Englishwoman, to serve as his interpreter. When he realizes, however, that the Mingos and the French, enemies of the Mohicans, vastly outnumber the British, he agrees to become a spy for British Col. Chingachgook's friend, the Pathfinder, a white man reared by the Indians, is loath to assist either the British or the French because both countries are guilty of taking land from the Indians. On the day on which war is declared, the Mingos attack and destroy a Mohican village, leaving alive only a small boy and a brave named Chingachgook. Forced to take sides, the peaceful Mohican tribe forms an alliance with the English, while the warlike Mingo people join with the French. In 1754, the British and the French vie for control of the territory surrounding the Great Lakes.